Washington: In a novel study, Oregon State University scientists have developed a new "adjuvant" that would allow the creation of important new vaccines for various diseases.
It can possibly become a universal vaccine carrier, and help medical experts tackle many diseases more effectively.
Adjuvants are substances that are not immunogenic themselves, but increase the immune response when used in combination with a vaccine.
However, due to concerns about safety and toxicity, there`s only a single vaccine adjuvant - aluminium hydroxide, or alum, that has been approved for human use.
It`s found in such common vaccines as hepatitis B and tetanus.
The new adjuvant is based on nano particles prepared with lecithin, a common food product.
The study conducted over animal models showed that it helped protein antigens to induce an immune response more than six times stronger than when alum was used.
The researchers also showed that the lecithin nano particles were able to help induce a reasonable antibody response after only one shot, whereas it took at least two shots for the alum adjuvant to work.
"In many cases, to make progress with vaccine development we need new adjuvants," said Zhengrong Cui, an assistant professor of pharmaceutics at OSU and corresponding author on the new study.
"The material has to be safe, and lecithin is a common food product that``s already widely used in pharmaceuticals.
"This new form of using lecithin nano particles as an adjuvant is promising and could become very important."Our early studies with laboratory animals seem to suggest that a vaccine based on the lecithin nano particle adjuvant would not only be more effective, but be tolerated by the body more readily than one using alum.
"Lecithin is very non-toxic, it`s one of many compounds ``generally recognized as safe`` by the FDA, and at the injection site we saw none of the nodules and tissue hardening you sometimes see with vaccines that use alum," Cui added.
If the new adjuvant is ultimately shown to be safe and is approved following clinical trials, Cui said, it could become the basis for a revolution in the production of vaccines and serve as a universal carrier.
The findings have been published in the Journal of Controlled Release.
ANI