Revolutionized physics with his laws of motion and universal gravitation, laying the foundation for classical mechanics.
Pioneered research on radioactivity, becoming the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and discovering radium and polonium.
Developed the theory of relativity, transforming our understanding of space, time, and energy, and winning the Nobel Prize in Physics.
Formulated the theory of evolution by natural selection, profoundly changing the study of biology and the understanding of life on Earth.
An astronomer and physicist who advanced the scientific method and made major contributions to modern physics, astronomy, and motion.
Revolutionized cosmology with his work on black holes and the nature of the universe, making science accessible to the public.
A Greek philosopher and polymath whose works in biology, physics, and metaphysics laid the groundwork for Western scientific thought.