Scientists to chase August 21 total solar eclipse using two NASA jets - Watch demonstration

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New Delhi: For the first time, an attempt is being made to chase the upcoming total solar eclipse in the US on August 21 using NASA's reserach jets.

This attempt is being made so as to capture the clearest ever images of the Sun's outer atmosphere.

Amir Caspi of the Southwest Research Institute in the US and his team will use two of NASA's WB-57F research jets to follow the darkness across the US on August 21.

Taking observations from twin telescopes mounted on the noses of the planes, Caspi will capture the clearest images of the Sun's corona to date and the first-ever thermal images of Mercury, revealing how temperature varies across the planet's surface.

"These could well turn out to be the best ever observations of high frequency phenomena in the corona," said Dan Seaton, researcher at University of Colorado in the US.

The total solar eclipse provides a rare opportunity for scientists to study the Sun, particularly its atmosphere.

As the Moon completely covers the Sun and perfectly blocks its light during an eclipse, the typically faint corona is easily seen against the dark sky.

During the upcoming total solar eclipse, scientists will observe the solar corona using stabilised telescopes aboard the WB-57F research aircraft. Watch NASA's demonstration here -

This vantage point provides distinct advantages over ground-based observations, researchers said.

The corona is heated to millions of degrees, yet the lower atmospheric layers like the photosphere - the visible surface of the Sun - are only heated to a few thousand degrees. Scientists are not sure how this inversion happens.

One theory proposes micro explosions, termed nanoflares - too small and frequent to detect individually, but with a large collective effect - might release heat into the corona.

No one has yet directly seen nanoflares, but the high- resolution and high-speed images to be taken from the WB-57F jets might reveal their effects on the corona.

The high-definition pictures, captured 30 times per second, will be analysed for wave motion in the corona to see if waves move towards or away from the surface of the Sun, and with what strengths and sizes.

The two planes, launching from Ellington Field near NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston will observe the total eclipse for about three and a half minutes each.

By flying high in the stratosphere, observations taken with onboard telescopes will avoid looking through the majority of Earth's atmosphere, greatly improving image quality.

(With PTI inputs)