Will Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster collide with Earth or Venus?

After running a series of simulations using sophisticated software that can track the motion of objects in space, scientists determined the probability of it colliding with Earth and Venus over the next one million years to be 6 percent and 2.5 percent, respectively.

(Representational image)

New Delhi: SpaceX CEO Elon Musk's cherry red Tesla Roadster that took off for space aboard the Falcon Heavy earlier this month has been making headlines ever since.

The car that was sent to an orbit around Mars took a different trajectory well beyond its destination and it's quite likely it may eventually collide with Earth or Venus.

"It will likely end up colliding with Earth or Venus, but there's no need to panic since the probability of that happening even within the next million years is very small," said Hanno Rein, an assistant professor at the University of Toronto in Canada.

Though the car does not have any scientific instruments on board, it is now classified as a near-earth object and is being tracked by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory along with other objects that will travel relatively close to Earth.

After running a series of simulations using sophisticated software that can track the motion of objects in space, they determined the probability of it colliding with Earth and Venus over the next one million years to be 6 percent and 2.5 percent, respectively.

They also determined that the first close encounter the Tesla will have with us will be in 2091 when it will pass within a few hundred thousand kilometers of Earth.

The car is currently on a Mars and Earth-crossing orbit, meaning it will travel on an elliptical path that repeatedly carries it beyond Mars and then back to Earth's orbital distance from the sun.

How the car's orbit evolves over time will depend a lot on its encounters with Earth, especially how close it will get to Earth since any small change in its trajectory could have a large effect on its orbit.

While the path of the car can be accurately predicted in terms of years, after hundreds of years and many close encounters with Earth it becomes impossible to predict the object's precise orbit. By studying a large number of orbital simulations, however, the researchers were able to arrive at a statistical distribution of possible outcomes.

"Each time it passes Earth, the car will get a gravitational kick," said Dan Tamayo, a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Toronto.

"Depending on the details of these encounters, the Tesla can be kicked onto a wider or smaller orbit, so it's random," Tamayo said.

"Over time the orbit will undergo what's called a random walk, similar to the fluctuations we see in the stock market, that will allow it to wander the inner solar system," he said.

While they only ran simulations for the first three million years of its space journey, the most likely outcome for the Tesla is for it to crash into Earth or Venus in the next 10 million years or so.

"Although we are not able to tell on which planet the car will ultimately end up, we're comfortable saying it won't survive in space for more than a few tens of millions of years," he said.

While the car's likely final destination is Earth, they note there's nothing to fear since much or all of it will likely burn up in the atmosphere.

(With PTI inputs)