Zhuhai: The world's longest sea bridge connecting Hong Kong, Macau and mainland China was launched on Tuesday at a time when Beijing is seeking to tighten its grip on its semi-autonomous territories.


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It was launched by President Xi Jinping at an opening ceremony in the mainland city of Zhuhai this morning, but details of the event were kept secret.


The 55-kilometre (34-mile) crossing, which includes a snaking road bridge and underwater tunnel, links Hong Kong's Lantau island to Zhuhai and the gambling enclave of Macau, across the waters of the Pearl River Estuary.


It is the second major infrastructure project tying Hong Kong to mainland China to launch in a matter of weeks, after the opening of a high-speed rail link last month.


Critics say the multi-billion-dollar bridge is one more way to integrate Hong Kong into China as fears grow that the city's cherished freedoms are being eroded.


The mega-bridge will open to traffic on Wednesday, a day after the ceremony. Building began in 2009 and has been dogged by delays, budget overruns, corruption prosecutions and the deaths of construction workers.


The launch ceremony was hastily announced last week by mainland authorities with Hong Kong lawmakers and transport companies complaining they had been left in the dark.


Supporters of the project promote it as an engineering marvel that will also boost business and cut travel time, while others see it as a politically driven and costly white elephant.


The main bridge section is considered mainland territory and Hong Kong cars and drivers travelling over it "must comply with the laws and regulations of the mainland", according to the city's transport department.


Hong Kong residents will only be granted a licence to cross into Zhuhai by car if they meet highly selective criteria, including holding certain mainland government positions or making major contributions to charities in the southern Chinese province of Guangdong.


Most people will need to travel the bridge on coaches and buses.


Internet users in Hong Kong complained about the bridge's restricted access ahead of the launch.


"Such a huge investment using the Hong Kong taxpayer's money... Yet basically it is not open to us at all," said one comment on the South China Morning Post website.


Some Hong Kong media reported that the physical condition of drivers would be monitored by cameras, including an alert sent if a driver yawns more than three times in 20 seconds.


The opening of the high-speed rail link also sparked criticism as it saw Chinese security stationed on Hong Kong soil for the first time at the city's terminus.


Critics accused the Hong Kong government of giving away territory to an increasingly assertive Beijing.