Demystifying Ovarian Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, And Prevention

Women's health encompasses a multitude of facets, from reproductive health to mental well-being, and among the array of challenges they face, ovarian cancer stands out as a particularly formidable adversary. It's a disease that strikes silently, often eluding detection until it has progressed to advanced stages. As women navigate the complexities of their health journeys, understanding the subtle signs and risk factors associated with ovarian cancer becomes paramount. Let's read what Dr Abhilasha, Consultant - Gynaec Oncology and Robotic and laparoscopic surgeon, HCG Cancer Centre, KR Road Bangalore wants to tell us about the causes, symptoms, treatment, and prevention for easy understanding of ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer, often referred to as the "silent killer," is a complex disease with subtle symptoms that can easily be mistaken for other conditions. In this article, we delve into the causes, symptoms, treatment options, and prevention strategies for ovarian cancer, aiming to raise awareness and empower women to take proactive steps for their health.

Causes:

Ovarian cancer can be attributed to various factors, including genetic mutations such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, which significantly increase the risk. Hormonal factors, such as never having been pregnant or having a family history of ovarian or breast cancer, also play a role. Additionally, age, obesity, endometriosis, and exposure to certain chemicals are potential risk factors for the disease.

Symptoms:

Recognizing the symptoms of ovarian cancer is crucial for early detection and timely intervention. These symptoms may include:

- Persistent abdominal bloating
- Pelvic or abdominal pain
- Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly
- Frequent urination or changes in bowel habits
- Fatigue
- Unexplained weight loss
- Abdominal swelling
- Pain during intercourse
- Changes in menstrual cycles

It's important to note that these symptoms may be subtle and nonspecific, and they may vary from person to person. However, persistent or worsening symptoms should prompt further investigation, especially in women with risk factors for ovarian cancer.

Treatment:

The treatment approach for ovarian cancer typically involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and sometimes radiation therapy. Surgery is often the initial step and may involve removing the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and surrounding lymph nodes. Chemotherapy is then administered to target any remaining cancer cells and reduce the risk of recurrence. Recent advancements in treatment, such as targeted therapies like PARP inhibitors and immunotherapy, offer additional options for patients, particularly those with advanced or recurrent disease.

Prevention:

While ovarian cancer cannot always be prevented, certain lifestyle modifications and risk-reduction strategies can help lower the risk. These include:

- Long-term use of oral contraceptives, which have been shown to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer.
- Pregnancy and breastfeeding, which may lower the risk due to changes in hormone levels.
- Maintaining a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins, and avoiding excessive alcohol consumption.
- Regular exercise, which has been associated with a reduced risk of ovarian cancer.
- Genetic counseling and testing for women with a family history of ovarian or breast cancer to assess their risk and explore preventive measures.
- Awareness of symptoms and early detection through regular pelvic exams, transvaginal ultrasound, and CA-125 blood tests in high-risk individuals.

By adopting these preventive measures and remaining vigilant for symptoms, women can take proactive steps to reduce their risk of ovarian cancer and improve their chances of early detection and successful treatment. It's important to consult with healthcare professionals for personalized guidance and support in managing ovarian cancer risk and treatment options.