CERN collider could become world’s most accurate stopwatch

Washington: Scientists at the Vienna University of Technology have proposed a method to create the world’s most precise stopwatch for the world’s shortest light pulses, using a detector that is going to be installed at CERN in 2018.

Computer simulations at the University demonstrated that heavy ion collisions at CERN should be able to produce the shortest light pulses ever created. The pulses are so short that they cannot even be measured by today’s technological equipment. Phenomena taking place on very short time scales are often investigated using ultra short laser pulses. Today, pulse durations of the order of attoseconds (billionths of a billionths of a second, 10^-18 seconds) can be created. But these records could soon be broken: “Atomic nuclei in particle colliders like the LHC at CERN or at RHIC can create light pulses which are still a million times shorter than that,” said Andreas Ipp from TU Vienna. In the ALICE experiment at CERN, lead nuclei are collided almost at the speed of light. The debris of the scattered nuclei together with new particles created by the power of the impact form a quark-gluon plasma, a state of matter which is so hot that even protons and neutrons melt. Their building blocks – quarks and gluons – can move independently without being bound to each other. This quark-gluon plasma only exists for several yoctoseconds (10^-24 seconds). From the quark-gluon plasma created in a particle collider, light pulses can be emitted, which carry valuable information about the plasma. However, conventional measurement techniques are much too slow to resolve flashes on a yoctosecond timescale. “That’s why we make use of the Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect, an idea which was originally developed for astronomical measurements,” said Andreas Ipp. In a Hanbury Brown-Twiss experiment, correlations between two different light detectors are studied. That way, the diameter of a star can be calculated very precisely. “Instead of studying spatial distances, the effect can just as well be used for measuring time intervals,” said Andreas Ipp. The calculations he did together with Peter Somkuti show that the yoctosecond pulses of the quark-gluon plasma could be resolved by a Hanbury Brown-Twiss experiment. “It would be hard to do, but it would definitely be achievable,” asserted Ipp. This experiment would not require any additional expensive detectors; it could be done with the “forward calorimeter”, which is supposed to go on line at CERN in 2018. That way, the ALICE-experiment could become the world’s most accurate stopwatch. ANI