Vienna: Nuclear talks between Iran and six world powers moved up a gear Wednesday as negotiators began in Vienna to hammer out what could be a historic accord.
After three meetings this year that Washington says have enabled both sides to "understand each other`s positions", negotiators aim this time to start drafting the actual text of an accord, officials said.
Success could resolve one of the most intractable geopolitical problems of the 21st century, but failure might plunge the Middle East into conflict and start a regional nuclear arms race.
"If the odds of the talks collapsing are high, the stakes of failure are higher," Ali Vaez, Iran analyst at the International Crisis Group, told AFP. "Time is of the essence."
The five permanent members of the UN Security Council plus Germany want Iran to take steps to assure the international community that it is not about to build a nuclear bomb.
In return the Islamic republic, which says its nuclear activities are purely peaceful, wants the lifting of all UN and Western sanctions, which have hit its economy hard.
Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif, installed by bridge-building new President Hassan Rouhani last year, said after the last round in early April that there was agreement on "50-60 percent" of issues.
But with both sides sticking to the mantra that "nothing is agreed until everything is agreed" -- US officials liken the process to a "Rubik`s Cube" -- this is not enough.
Arriving in Vienna Tuesday, representatives of both Iran and the United States sought to dampen expectations that a deal was within easy reach, with Zarif saying a "lot of effort" was still required.
A senior US official said the talks would be "very, very difficult" and that there were still "significant gaps", warning that optimism in some media had "gotten way out of control".
"We do not know if Iran will be able to make the tough decisions they must to assure the world that they will not obtain a nuclear weapon and that their programme is for entirely peaceful purposes," the official said.The parties aim to build on an interim deal from November under which Iran froze certain activities for six months and converted some material in return for minor sanctions relief.
This expires on July 20, by which time negotiators aim to have nailed down the final accord.
One major issue, the Arak reactor, appears resolved, with Iran indicating the design could be modified to ease concerns that it could produce weapons-grade plutonium.
But others, most notably uranium enrichment and the sequence of sanctions relief "could be harder to bridge," Kelsey Davenport from the Arms Control Association told AFP.
Iran already has enough of low-enriched material for several bombs if it decided to "break out" and use its 20,000 so-called centrifuges to enrich this stockpile to weapons-grade.
The powers may therefore want Iran to slash the number of centrifuges, or to cap output per machine, but this may be a hard sell to hardliners in Iran.
Other tricky issues include tougher inspections by the UN atomic watchdog and Iran`s development of new centrifuges that it claims can enrich many times faster than the current models.
Behrouz Kamalvandi, Iran`s atomic agency spokesman, said Wednesday that these machines could enrich 15 times faster and were undergoing "final mechanical testing".
"Research and development is the country`s absolute right, and as the supreme leader and the president have said, this right cannot be hindered," he told the IRNA news agency.
Also of concern are Iran`s ballistic missiles, which could carry nuclear warheads -- it denies wanting atomic weapons -- and its answers to questions about past alleged "military dimensions" to its nuclear work.
"Iran continues to deceive the world and advance its nuclear programme," Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, whose country is widely believed to have nuclear weapons itself, said late Tuesday in Japan.
